2000年4月全国高教自考“英语（二）”试题

 PART ONE
　　Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure（10 points,1 point for each）
　　从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
　　1.Almost everything a manager does ________ decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making.
　　 [A] imposes
　　 [B] improvises
　　 [C] involves
　　 [D] indicates
　　2.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space _______ which matter has fallen and ________ which nothing can escape.
　　 [A] towards … towards
　　 [B] into … from
　　 [C] out of … from
　　 [D] through … through
　　3.American men don’t cry because it is considered not ________ of men to do so.
　　 [A] characteristic
　　 [B] tolerant
　　 [C] symbolic
　　 [D] independent
　　4.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help ________ domestic workers from abuse by their employers.
　　 [A] protect
　　 [B] suspect
　　 [C] expect
　　 [D] inspect
　　5.Robots differ from automatic machines ________ after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.
　　 [A] so that
　　 [B] in which
　　 [C] given that
　　 [D] in that
　　6.The specific use of leisure ________ from inspanidual to inspanidual.
　　 [A] ranges
　　 [B] distinguishes
　　 [C] varies
　　 [D] covers
　　7.Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances ________ at night.
　　 [A] it
　　 [B] them
　　 [C] the coffee
　　 [D] the body
　　8.Nations are ________ as “aged” when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above.
　　 [A] limited
　　 [B] classified
　　 [C] originated
　　 [D] processed
　　9.It is touching to see how a cat or dog — especially a dog — ________ itself to family and wants to share in all its goings and comings.
　　 [A] attributes
　　 [B] applies
　　 [C] assigned
　　 [D] attaches
　　10.You needn’t ________ him about this since he could find out for himself.
　　 [A] tell
　　 [B] be telling
　　 [C] have told
　　 [D] have to tell
　　
　　Ⅱ.Cloze Test（10 points, 1 point for each）
　　下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
　　Decisions about housing can influence the quality of your future life. Inspanidual and family needs change（ 11 ）the time, and housing should be flexible enough to （ 12 ） these changing needs. The plan go buy a home may be（ 13 ）of the most important financial decisions a person（ 14 ）makes. The plan to buy a home is（ 15 ）to present and future income. Rental housing, while not requiring （ 16 ）large initial investment, still takes a large portion of a family’s monthly budget.
　　 Housing provides a setting（ 17 ）day-to-day living. Housing, furnishings, and equipment must be planned with present and future needs and interests taken into（ 18 ）. Some people acquire furnishings and equipment before they move into their own home. Family size, health, and income are（ 19 ） the factors influencing housing choices. Housing shortages in many parts of the country seriously（ 20 ） the freedom of choice in securing shelter. Many families move, and housing may not be permanent.
　　 11. [A]by　　　[B]on　　　　[C]over　 [D]at
　　 12. [A]meet　　[B]reach　　 [C]seek　 [D]catch
　　 13. [A]such　　[B]that　　　[C]one　　[D]each
　　 14. [A]still 　[B]yet　　　 [C]even 　[D]ever
　　 15. [A]saved 　[B]tied　　　[C]spent　[D]cost
　　 16. [A]so a　　[B]a so　　　[C]such a [D]a such
　　 17. [A]to　　　[B]for 　　　[C]with 　[D]from
　　 18. [A]amount　[B]account 　[C]access [D]average
　　 19. [A]between [B]within　　[C]among　[D]across
　　 20. [A]avoid 　[B]encourage [C]limit　[D]extend
　　
　　Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension（30 points, 2 pints for each）
　　从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答案纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
　　Passage One
　　Question 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
　　Art, said Picasso, is a lie that makes us realize the truth. So is a map. We do not usually associate the precise work of the map maker with a fanciful object of art. Yet a map has many qualities that a painting or a poem has. It is truth realized in a symbolic way, holding meanings it does not express on the surface. And like work of art, it requires imaginative reading.
　　 Thus, map and reality are not, and cannot be, identical. No aspect of map use is so obvious yet so often overlooked. Most map reading mistakes occur because the user forgets this vital fact and expects a one-to-one correspondence between map and reality. A map, like a painting, is just one special version of reality. To understand a painting, you must have some idea of the medium which was used by the artist. You wouldn’t expect a water color to look anything like an oil painting or a charcoal（木碳）drawing, even if the subject matter of all three were identical. In the same way, the techniques used to create maps will greatly influence the final representation. As a map reader, you should always be aware of the invisible hand of the map maker. Never use a map without asking yourself how it has been biased by the methods used to make it.
　　If the entire map making process operates at its full potential, communication takes place between the map maker and the user. The map maker translates reality into the clearest possible picture under the circumstances, and the map reader converts this picture back into an impression of the environment. For such communication to take place, the map reader as the map maker must know something about how maps are created.
　　21. Map is a lie _________ .
　　 [A] that has little truth in it
　　 [B] that few of us believe
　　 [C] that we use to express the truth
　　 [D] that cheats people in a tricky way
　　22. Map resembles art in that ________ .
　　 [A] they are both absolute lies
　　 [B] they are both precise as well as fanciful
　　 [C] they must be read with imagination
　　 [D] they both express meanings in a superficial way
　　23. Most map reading mistakes occur because ________ .
　　 [A] the map is not made according to reality
　　 [B] there are obvious differences between the map and reality
　　 [C] the user forgets the one-to-one correspondence between the map and reality
　　 [D] the user overlooks the gap between the map and reality
　　24. “the invisible hand of the map maker”（in Paragraph 3）refers to ________ .
　　 [A] the techniques used to create maps
　　 [B] the subject matter of the map
　　 [C] the symbols used in the map
　　 [D] the final representation of the map
　　25. The last paragraph describes mainly ________ .
　　 [A] how maps are created
　　 [B] what the communication between the map maker and the reader is
　　 [C] how the map maker translates reality into a picture
　　 [D] how the reader converts the picture back into reality
　　
　　Passage Two
　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
　　Music which is original is inspanidual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particular qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another. If you can recognize the style of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A basket-maker has the skill of weaving and interweaving his materials to create colorful patterns, and an expert carpenter（木匠）has the skill of joining together different shapes and sizes of wood to make a beautiful piece of furniture. These skills may　be referred to as “workmanship”（技艺）. Similarly, in music a composer organizes his melodies（旋律）and rhythms and combines sounds to create harmony. A composer may be capable of thinking up very good, original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized, that is, if the workmanship is poor, the final result will not be to standard.
　　Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may e joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings, it may not express any important feeling at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar, that is, cheap and ugly.
　　Good music will stand the test of time. It will not go out of fashion but will continue to be enjoyed and respected long after it is first introduced. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be”the newer the better”, the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass.
　　26. A piece of original music ________.
　　 [A] has a personal style
　　 [B] sounds very familiar to our ears
　　 [C] is one whose style you cannot recognize
　　 [D] can not be recognized as belonging to any composer
　　27. We can see good workmanship in ________.
　　 [A] different shapes and size of furniture
　　 [B] materials for creating colourful patterns
　　 [C] a piece of music with its melodies and rhythms organized in harmony
　　 [D] a piece of music with very good, original tunes mixed together
　　28. A piece of music can be said to be good if _________.
　　 [A] it helps to while away the hours
　　 [B] it combines different rhythms and sounds
　　 [C] it makes people forget their sorrows and worries quickly
　　 [D] it expresses a certain feeling in a proper way
　　29.According to the last paragraph, “the test of time is the hardest of all to pass” suggests that ________.
　　 [A] the newer the music is, the harder it can pass the test of time
　　 [B] it is most difficult for music to gain a kind of permanent status
　　 [C] pop music will cease to be enjoyed soon after it is introduced
　　 [D] good music needn’t pass the test of time
　　30.This passage is concerned with ________.
　　 [A] how to compose music
　　 [B] how to enjoy music
　　 [C] how to judge music
　　 [D] how to perform music
　　
　　Passage Three
　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
　　To be”historically minded”is to see things I relation and in perspective, and to judge tolerantly. We must remember how differently men have thought and acted in different times. We must always keep an open mind, ready to receive and weigh new evidence. If we grasp this idea, we will never think that a historian（历史学家）is someone who can remember dates. That childish idea is like calling a man a statesman（政治家）because he can remember the names of voters in his district. A waiter could remember more names and a telephone operator more numbers than the greatest historian.
　　The true historian is not content to take all his facts from other historians. Today he makes sure that his statements are based on sound”documents”or”sources”which go back to the time of the facts themselves. But the historian needs always to be in his guard not to be misled by his sources. A document may not be a real one. Its author may be lying on purpose for some reason. He may be so greatly influenced by national, religious, party, or personal backgrounds as to be totally unfair to the other side. If honest, he may be misinformed as to the facts and mistaken in his inferences.
　　Anyone who reads the accounts published in the different countries concerning the causes and results of wars will realize that the historian needs caution and training in handling these sources. The trained historian asks first:”Did this writer mean to tell the truth?”and second:”Was he in a position or frame of mind to tell the truth even if he wants to?”Every statement must be patiently weighed and tested and combined with all other available information in order to get at the truth.
　　31. A “historically minded”researcher _________.
　　 [A] always keeps an open mind to history
　　 [B] looks at one historical event without relating it to another
　　 [C] sees things from a single point of view
　　 [D] refuses to accept new evidence
　　32. In Paragraph 1 the author means to illustrate that ________.
　　 [A] different men think and act differently
　　 [B] the study of history is not merely a matter of remembering dates
　　 [C] a statesman can remember the names of voters in his district
　　 [D] a waiter can remember more names than the great historians
　　33. The true historian should base his statements on ________.
　　 [A] findings of other historians
　　 [B] documents created at the present time
　　 [C] his own inferences
　　 [D] sound historical materials
　　34. Which of the following is the topic of Paragraph 3?
　　 [A] Some historical documents may not be real.
　　 [B] Some authors may not be honest.
　　 [C] Historians should be careful about their sources.
　　 [D] Historians may be influenced by their own background.
　　35. It is emphasized in the last paragraph that ________.
　　 [A] wars are accounted for differently in different countries
　　 [B] the historian needs caution and training in dealing with his sources
　　 [C] some writers may not be telling the truth
　　 [D] some writers may not be in a position or frame of mind to tell the truth
　　
　　PART TWO
　　Ⅳ.Word Spelling（10 points, 1 point for two words）
　　将下列汉语单词译成英语并写在答题纸上。每个词的词类和第一字母已在答题纸上给出。首字线后的每条短线上只写一个字母。
　　 36. 修理
　　 37. 科学
　　 38. 温度
　　 39. 政府
　　 40. 制服，军服
　　 41. 必要的
　　 42. 字典
　　 43. 旅行，行程
　　 44. 有价值的
　　 45. 丈夫
　　 46. 警告
　　 47. 呼吸
　　 48. 实验室
　　 49. 控制
　　 50. 量，数量
　　 51. 接受
　　 52. 秘书
　　 53. 金融的
　　 54. 化学
　　 55. 多数
　　
　　Ⅴ.Word Form（10 point, 1 point for each）
　　将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
　　 56. Much of the carbon in the earth ________（come）from things that once lived.
　　 57. China is not what she ________（use）to be.
　　 58. In the past two decades, research ________（expand）our knowledge about sleep and dreams.
　　 59.If you cannot understand, ask:”Would you mind ________（rephrase）the question, please?”
　　 60. Many preschool teachers do not like to have commercially make toy weapons ________（bring）into the classroom.
　　 61.Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning ________（see）in other industries as well.
　　 62. Let us consider the earth as a planet ________（revolve）round sun.
　　 63. Television ads _________ usually ________ （repeat）over and over again.
　　 64. The more time you waste, the ________（easy）it is to continue wasting time.
　　 65. I would rather he ________（buy）the house next year.
　　
　　Ⅵ.Translation from English into Chinese（15 points）
　　将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
　　Although students of all subjects are judged by their performance in course work and examinations, they may be given little or no advice on study, revision or examination techniques.
　　Those who know that they are working hard, yet feel that they are not doing as well as they could either in course work or examinations, are likely to benefit most from straightforward advice-because they know that they need help. However, students who are satisfied with their progress can also be helped to do even better work, just as talented athletes（运动员）can improve their performance when well coached.
　　It would obviously be best, therefore, in their first few weeks at college, if all students were to consider how to use their study and leisure time. Learning to work effectively（to think, understand, select, organize, and explain or remember）would help them not only at college but also in any career.

全国2000年4月高等教育自学考试“英语（二）”试题答案：
I . Vocabulary and Structure

 l. C  2.B  3.A  4.A  5.D 6.C  7.A  8.B  9.D  10.C

Ⅱ. Cloze Test

 11.C  12.A  13.C  14.D  15.B  16.C  17.B  18. B 19.C  20.C

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension

 21. C  22. C  23. D  24.A  25. B  26. A  27. C  28. D  29. B  30. C
 31. A  32. B  33. D  34.C  35.B

Ⅳ. Word Spelling

 36. repair 37. science 38. temperature 39. government
 40. uniform 41. necessary 42. dictionary 43. journey
 44. valuable 45. husband 46. warn 47. breathe
 48. laboratory 49. control 50. quantity 51.accept
 52. secretary 53. financial 54. chemistry 55. majority

V. Word Form

56. comes 57. used 58. has expanded 59. rephrasing 60. brought  61. to be seen

62. revolving  63. are . . . repeated 64. easier  65. bought

Ⅵ. Translation form Chinese into English

66. At that time it was folk music that was popular among college students.

67. Three years ago she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in London.

68. It is well known that even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different inspaniduals.

69. This depends on external factors rather than on a candidate's personal characteristics.

70. Will there be any difference between the mental and the manual labour in the future?

Ⅶ. Translation form English into Chinese

 尽管评价各学科学生是依据其课程学习和考试成绩，但在学习、复习或考试方法上他们可能很少或没有获得指导。
 知识自己在努力学习，但对课程学习或考试成绩感到不理想的学生可能从直接指导中获益最大，因为他们懂得他们需要帮助。但对自己进步感到满意的学生也能在别人帮助下取得更好的成绩，正如天才的运动员如果有良好的指导也能提高自己的成绩一样。
 因此，如果所有学生在大学入学后头几周能想一想怎样利用好学习和休闲时间，这显然最好不过。学会有效地工作(思考、理解、选择、组织、解释或记忆)不仅能帮助他们在校学习，对他们今后的任何工作都有好处。